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Plant Physiology

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Seed Life Cycle

Seed Maturation The following physiological changes occur during seed maturation: Accumulation of reserves Nutrients are stored in specialised structures such as the endosperm or cotyledons. In monocots, the endosperm often serves as the primary storage tissue, while...

Embryonic Development

In angiosperms, male gametes (pollen) are produced in the anthers, while female gametes (egg cells) develop in the ovule's embryo sac. Pollen grains carry a tube nucleus and a generative nucleus, each with a haploid chromosome complement. Upon pollination, the pollen...

Transpiration

Transpiration is a biological process in which water evaporates from a plant. The exchange of water vapour from leaves through the stomata is the primary driving force of the process. Transpiration is critical to the metabolic processes in the plant and the survival...

Gravitropism

The root and shoot of the primary plant axis do indeed align themselves parallel with the direction of gravitational pull. Such an alignment is said to be orthogravitropic. The primary root, which grows toward the centre of the earth, exhibits positive gravitropism....

Phototropism

Tropic responses may be either positive or negative. If a plant responds in the direction of the stimulus (for example, toward a light source) it is said to be positive. If it grows away from the stimulus it is said to be negative. Whether the phototropic response is...