Carbon fixation In this step, The Calvin cycle makes use of the energy from short-lived electronically charged "carriers" which then change carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds that can be used by the plant. In this reaction of reaction, the enzyme...
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Plant Anatomy
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Introduction
In plants, carbon dioxide (CO2) goes into the chloroplast via the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast. This is then the site of the Calvin Benson cycle reactions where sugar is synthesised. The Calvin cycle, or the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB)...
The light-independent reactions
In the Light-Independent Process (the Dark reaction) carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (or water for aquatic/marine organisms) is captured and modified by the addition of hydrogen to form carbohydrates. The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds is...
Chemiosmosis and ATP synthesis
The components of non-cyclic phosphorylation are found in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Electrons pass through the transport chain to provide energy to pump H+ ions from the stroma, across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid compartment....
Synthesis of ATP from ADP
All living things use ATP. In addition to being used as an energy source, it is also used in signal transduction pathways for cell communication and is incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) during DNA synthesis. In short: A condensation reaction has led to...