Agro-ecological zones (AEZs) Geographical areas exhibit similar climatic conditions that determine their ability to support rained agriculture. At a regional scale, AEZs are influenced by latitude, elevation, and temperature, as well as seasonality, and rainfall...
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Introduction to Beef Production
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How is body condition scoring done?
Tail head and the Short ribs You need good observation skills, your hands and focus on two specific areas: The short ribs The degree of prominence of the short ribs of the individual spinous processes is found by placing the fingers flat over the short...
Body conditioning
Body condition scoring (BCS) is a useful management tool for distinguishing differences in nutritional needs of beef cattle. This system uses a numeric score to estimate body energy reserves in the cow. Research indicates that there is a strong link between the body...
Reproductive Soundness
Mature bulls should show masculinity with a burly, masculine head with coarse hair and a heavy jaw. They should show a crest or heavy muscling in the neck and shoulders indicating the effects of the male hormone, testosterone. The testicles should be well-developed...
Soundness of Feet and Legs
For cattle to travel and remain sound during a long, productive life, they must have the correct set of feet and legs. Legs should be squarely set under the four corners of a beef animal and be reasonably straight. The shoulders should not be too straight. A steep...