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Anatomy and Physiology

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The Endocrine System

As with the nervous system, the basic functions of the endocrine system are communication and regulation. The classic endocrine system consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete hormones (chemical messengers that function in extremely small concentrations)....

The Female Reproductive Tract

The mammalian female reproductive tract is adapted for the following: It produces the female gamete (ovum, pl. ova) which passes into the uterus (or womb). It delivers the ovum or ova to a site where it can be fertilised by the male gamete (spermatozoon). It provides...

The Male Reproductive System

The main role of the organs and glands of the male reproductive tract is to manufacture fertile male gametes (pl. spermatozoa, sperm; sing. spermatozoon) contained in the fluid semen and deliver it into the female reproductive tract during copulation. The male...

The Nervous System

The nervous system consists of the: Brain. Spinal cord. Peripheral nerves – connect the various parts of the body to the spinal cord and brain.  The nervous system The brain controls the body and senses.  The sense organs The functions of the nervous system:...

The Urinary System

The urinary (or excretory) system is responsible for the elimination or removal of waste products removed from the blood by the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant internal environment (i.e., homeostasis) of the body fluid. This is done by producing and...