The thermal environment refers to the cold wind and sensed temperature experienced by animals on the vehicle. Transport and handling stresses can be amplified by weather conditions, especially rapid weather changes. The Livestock Weather Safety Index is used as a basis for planning, especially during periods of weather extremes. The values for cattle are conservative, especially for heat-tolerant Brahman and Brahman crosses.
Hot weather
- Animals should be protected from heat stress during transportation.
- Heat builds up very quickly in a stationary vehicle unless it has mechanical ventilation.
- On arrival, vehicles should be immediately off-loaded; and vehicles should start moving immediately after loading.
- If a loaded truck must be parked during hot weather, fans should be provided to keep animals cool.
Cold weather
- Animals should also be protected from stress during cold spells.
- Wind protection must be provided when the effective temperature in the animal’s micro-environment is expected to drop below the lower critical level.
Adequate ventilation is